A Look at Typology

Typology is a method of interpreting Scripture which involves recognizing a correspondence, usually in one particular matter, between a person, event or thing in the Old Testament and a person, event or thing in the New Testament.

We can see typology used in the New Testament. In the Gospels, Jesus uses types to make himself know to his followers. He uses the Passover meal to explain his coming crucifixion (see Matt. 26:26-30). Drawing on the shepherding images of the Old Testament, Jesus refers to himself as the Good Shepherd (John 10). Paul uses typology in several places (Rom. 5:12-21, 1 Cor. 10:1-10, Gal. 4:21-31). We see other use typology, too (see Heb. 8:3-13, 9:23-28; 1 Pet. 3:20-22).

Typology is not allegory. Allegory uses figurative language and narrative to convey spiritual truths. To understand allegory, you have to look for the message under the language. Typology recognizes that certain passages foreshadow coming events and individuals, and other passages fulfill previous ones.

Typology is using Scripture to interpret Scripture. The best tool we have in understanding the Scriptures is the Scriptures. Commentaries are helpful, but the Word is the better.

Revelation is progressive. The Scriptures were given over the course of 1500 years. They reveal Christ in stages. We are given glimpses of him throughout the Old Testament. We see the New Testament reflecting on the images of the Old Testament.

When studying types, we should stick with the ones clearly identified in Scripture. We don't need to invent patterns. We just need to understand the ones in present in Scripture.

Typology is an important tool for interpretation. It isn't the only tool. Typology helps us to see the connections between the Old and New Testaments.